Human

0441 ANTHROPARESKOS (2): anthropos = human + aresko = to please; human-pleasers, people-pleasers.

PEOPLE-PLEASERS Eph.6.6. Col.3.22.

0442 ANTHROPINOS (7): adjective; like a human, human-like, humanoid.

HUMAN Act.17.25. 1Co.2.13; 4.3; 10.13. Jas.3.7. 1Pe.2.13.

AS A HUMAN Rom.6.19. 

0443 ANTHROPOKTONOS (3): anthropos = human + kteino = to kill; human-killer, murderer, as in 1Jn.3.15: "Evveryone despising his brother is a murderer; and you+ know that eternal life does not remain in any murderer."

MURDERER Jn.8.44. 1Jn.3.15,15.

0444 ANTHROPOS (547): aner = man + ops = countenance; man-faced; a human being in contrast to some other form of life, as in 1Co.15.39: "All flesh is not the same flesh, but one [is] indeed of humans (anthropos), and an another flesh of animals, and another flesh of birds, and another of fishes."

The word anthropos always occurs in the masculine gender in the FCM (NT) Greek text. It has traditionally been translated "man." But its underlying meaning is always "mankind;" that is, humans of both genders. By translating it "human," "person," or "people" the reader can distinguish anthropos from the Greek words for man or woman.

When not preceded by an article anthropos refers to an indefinite person, as in Mt.7.9, "...what person from among you+ whose son asks him for bread; he will not give him a stone, [will he]?" When preceded by the article, a specific person is usually under consideration, such as in the many references to Jesus as "the Son of humanity."

Note the difference in meaning between anthropos (human) and 0435 aner. The latter always means "man" or "husband." And 1135 gune always means "woman" or "wife." This difference can be seen in the following passages in which anthropos and aner occur together: Lk.5.18, 6.6,8, 8.27,29, Jn.6.10, Act.5.35, 10.28, 14.15, 15.25-26, 19.35, 21.28, 25.16-17, 25.22-23, Rom.7.1-2, 1Co.7.1-2, Eph.4.13-14, 5.31-33 and Jas.1.7-8.

For example, the records of the "feeding of the five thousand," show that anthropos refers to humans without respect to gender or age. Jn.6.10 states: "Jesus said 'Make the people (anthropos) recline.' And there was much grass in the place. So then the men (aner) reclined; the number was about five thousand." Mt.14.21 adds detail: "...and the ones eating were about five thousand men (aner), apart from women and children." In the parallel accounts by Mark and Luke the word ochlos (a crowd, without regard for gender) is used instead of anthropos. Thus anthropos refers to a crowd of five thousand men (aner) plus women (gune) and children.

That anthropos refers to women can also be seen in Lk.1.25: "Thus has the Master done in the days in which he looked upon [me] (Elisabeth) to take away my reproach among people (including women, anthropos)."

Further, in Romans 7.1-2: "...the law lords it over the human (anthropos) as long a time as he lives. For the married woman has been bound to the living husband (aner); but if the husband (aner) dies, she has been discharged from the law of the husband (aner)." Anthropos here refers in a general sense to both husband and wife in their marital relationship, whereas aner refers to the husband in the sense of his being male or husband.

Lk.6.6 refers to a demon-possessed person (anthropos) as a human, but verse eight describes this same person from the aspect of his masculinity (man, aner); similarly in Lk.8.27,29.

Anthropos describes a person (or people) with respect to being human, often with respect to relationship to God. In contrast, "laos" refers to a certain group of people who have something in common, such as being at the same location or belonging to God. This can be seen in Rev.21.3: "And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, 'Look, the tabernacle of God [is] with humans (anthropos), and he will tabernacle with them, and they will be his peoples (laos), and God himself will be with them.'"

Translation:

JESUS THE ANOINTED ONE AS "THE SON OF HUMANITY": Anthropos is used to describe Jesus as the son of mankind or humanity, in reference to the life he lived as a human and to benefit all humans. It is accom- panied by the article in Greek, except in Jn.5.27, Rev.1.13 and 14.14.

HUMANITY (85) Mt.8.20; 9.6; 10.23; 11.19a; 12.8,32,40; 13.37,41; 16.13b,27,28; 17.9,12,22a; 19.28; 20.18,28; 24.27,30,30,37,39,44; 25.31; 26.2,24a,24c,45,64. Mk.2.10,28; 8.31,38; 9.9,12,31a; 10.33,45; 13.26; 14.21a,21c,41,62. Lk.5.24; 6.5,22b; 7.34a; 9.22,26,44a,58; 11.30; 12.8b,10,40; 17.22,24,26,30; 18.8,31; 19.10; 21.27,36; 22.22a, 48,69; 24.7a. Jn.1.51; 3.13,14; 5.27; 6.27,53,62; 8.28; 9.35; 12.23, 34,34; 13.31. Act7.56. Rev.1.13; 14.14.

A HUMAN IN GENERAL OR IN HIS SPIRITUAL RELATIONSHIP TO GOD: often contrasted to God as in Rom.3.4: "...let God be true, and every human a liar, as it is written." Similarly in Mt.4.4: "A human does not live only on bread, but on every word proceeding through God's mouth." Also Mk.2.27: "The sabbath came to exist because of the human, and not the human because of the sabbath." Anthropos clearly refers to both men and women in these passages. For the sake of accuracy it should be translated "human."

Anthropos has often been ignored, rather than translated, when it is used as an adjective to describe a person, such as in Mt.18.23: "Because of this the kingship of the heavens is compared to a human (anthropos) king who wished to reconcile accounts with his slaves..."

HUMAN (168) Mt.4.4,19; 6.1,2; 9.8; 13.28,52; 15.9; 16.23,26,26; 18.7, 23; 19.6, 26; 20.1; 21.25,26; 22.2,16. Mk.1.17; 2.27,27; 7.7,8; 8.33; 10.9,27; 11.30,32; 12.14. Lk.2.14,52; 4.4; 5.10; 9.25; 16.15,15; 18.2, 4,27; 20.4,6. Jn.1.4,9; 2.25,25; 5.34,41; 12.43; 16.21; 19.5. Act.4.12; 5.4,29,38b; 10.26; 12.22; 14.11,15; 17.29; 24.16. Rom.1.23; 2.1,3,9,16,29; 3.4,5; 5.12,12,18,18,19; 6.6: 7.1; 9.20; 10.5; 14.18, 20. 1Co.1.25,25; 2.5,9,11,11,11,14; 3.34,21; 4.9; 7.23; 9.8; 13.1; 14.2,3; 15.21,21,32,39,45,47,47. 2Co.4.2; 8.21; 12.4. Gal.1.1,1,10,10, 10,11,12; 2.6,16; 3.15,15; 5.3; 6.7. Eph.3.5; 4.8; 6.7. Php.2.7,7. Col.1.28,28,28; 2.8,22; 3.23. 1Th.2.4,13,15; 4.8. 1Ti.2.5,5; 4.10; 6.11,16. 2Ti.3.17. Tit.1.14. Heb.2.6,6; 5.1,1; 6.16; 8.2; 9.27; 13.6. Jas.1.7; 2.20,24; 5.17. 1Pe.2.4; 4.2,6. 2Pe.1.21,21; 2.16; 3.7. 1Jn.5.9. Jud.4. Rev.4.7; 16.18; 21.3,17.

ANTHROPOS REFERRING TO A PERSON OR PEOPLE; usually concerning worldly rather than spiritual activities. For example Lk.7.34: "The Son of humanity (anthropos) has come eating and drinking, and you+ say, 'Look, a gluttonous person (anthropos) and a wino, a friend of tax collectors and sinners'" The translation of anthropos is not rigidly "person," "people," or "man" in this category. The reader may prefer to use "human" or "man," etc. in some verses. Anthropos is used several times as a form of address, such as "sir" or "man."

PERSON (68) Mt.7.9; 10.36; 12.10,11,12,13,35,35,43,45; 13.24,31,44; 15.11,11,18,20,20; 17.14; 22.11. Mk.1.23; 3.1,3,5; 4.26; 7.15,15,15, 18,20,20,23; 8.36,37; 12.1; 14.13. Lk.5.18; 6.6,45,48,49; 12.16; 13.19; 22.10. Jn.3.27; 5.5,7,9,12,15; 7.51. Act.10.28. Rom.3.28; 4.6; 7.22. 1Co.4.1; 7.26; 11.28. 2Co.4.16; 12.2,3. Gal.6.1. Eph.2.15. 2Th.2.3. Tit.3.10. Jas.1.19. Rev.9.5; 13.18.

PEOPLE (108) Mt.5.13,16,19; 6.5,14,15,16,18; 7.12; 8.27; 10.17,32,33; 12.31,36; 13.25; 16.13a; 17.22b; 19.12; 23.4,5,7,13,28. Mk.3.28; 7.21; 8.24,27; 9.31; 11.2. Lk.1.25; 6.22a,26,31; 7.31; 9.44b; 11.44,46; 12.8a,9,36; 13.4; 18.11; 19.30; 21.26; 24.7b. Jn.3.19; 4.28; 6.10,14; 8.17. Act.4.13,16,17; 5.35; 15.17,26; 16.20,35,37; 17.26,30; 18.13; 19.35; 22.15. Rom.1.18; 12.17,18. 1Co.7.7; 15.19. 2Co.3.2; 5.11. Eph.4.14. Php.4.5. 1Th.2.6. 2Th.3.2. 1Ti.2.2,4; 5.24; 6.5,9. 2Ti.2.2; 3.2,8,13. Tit.2.11; 3.2,8. Jas.3.8,9. 1Pe.2.15. Rev.8.11; 9.4,6,7,10, 15,18,20; 11.13; 13.13; 14.4; 16.2,8,9,21,21; 18.13.

MAN, MEN (108) Mt.8.9; 9.9; 10.35; 11.8,19b; 18.12; 19.5,10; 21.28,33; 25.14,24; 26.24b,24d,72,74; 27.32,57. Mk.5.2,8; 7.11; 10.7; 13.34; 14.21b,21d,71; 15.39. Lk.2.25,25; 4.33; 7.8,25,34b; 8.29,33,35; 10.30; 11.24,26; 14.2,16,30; 15.4,11; 16.1,19; 18.10; 19.12,21,22; 20.9; 22.22b; 23.4,6,14,14,47. Jn.1.6; 2.10; 3.1,4; 4.29,50; 7.22,23,23,46, 46; 8.40; 9.1,11,16,16,24,24,30; 10.33; 11.47,50; 17.6; 18.14,17,29. Act.4.9,14,22; 5.28,38a; 6.13; 9.33; 16.17; 19.16; 21.28,39; 22.25,26; 23.9; 25.16,22; 26.31,32; 28.4. Rom.5.15; 7.24. 1Co.7.1. Eph.5.31. Heb.7.8,28.

SIR (4) Lk.5.20; 12.14; 22.58,60.

ANTHROPOS FIGURATIVELY REFERRING TO A PERSON'S CHARACTER OR SPIRIT: In these passages, anthropos refers to a person's inner being, or "spirit." For example Eph.4.22-24: "...discard the old person (anthropos) who was being corrupted by deceitful lusts; and be renewed in the spirit of your mind. And put on the new person (anthropos) created by God in uprightness and purity of truth."

PERSON (6) Rom.6.6. Eph.3.16; 4.22,24. Col.3.9. 1Pe.3.4.